{
  "id": "carafate-sucralfate",
  "recordTier": "source_traceable_archive",
  "editorial": {
    "reviewedAt": "2026-08-31",
    "status": "published_traceable_archive"
  },
  "names": {
    "brand": "CARAFATE",
    "generic": "硫糖铝",
    "aliases": [
      "Carafate",
      "sucralfate",
      "硫糖铝",
      "硫糖铝片",
      "硫糖铝口服混悬液",
      "NDA 018333",
      "NDA 019183"
    ],
    "marketBrandNames": [],
    "mainlandChinaTradeNameCue": null
  },
  "identity": {
    "therapeuticArea": "消化系统",
    "sourceArchiveMarket": "美国：CARAFATE 1 g 片剂 NDA 018333 在 Orange Book 列为处方 RLD/RS，DailyMed 有当前公开标签；1 g/10 mL 口服混悬液属于 NDA 019183，Orange Book 当前列为 DISCN，虽仍有 2023 年公开标签档案，也不能写成实时库存。",
    "dosageFormClass": "片剂按每片 1 g 标示；混悬液按每 10 mL 含 1 g 标示。1 g 等于 1000 mg 只是单位换算，不是个人片数、毫升数、频次或疗程。",
    "dosageFormClassCode": "oral_solid",
    "route": "口服",
    "routeCode": "oral",
    "historicalApprovalEntry": "1981（美国片剂标签营销起始日期）",
    "archiveSponsorText": "AbbVie, Inc. / Allergan, Inc.（DailyMed 当前美国标签所列）"
  },
  "matchPolicy": {
    "contract": "reviewed_name_and_exclusion_cues_v1",
    "exactMatchNames": [
      "CARAFATE",
      "Carafate sucralfate",
      "硫糖铝"
    ],
    "excludedProductCues": [
      "aluminum hydroxide",
      "氢氧化铝",
      "omeprazole",
      "famotidine",
      "bismuth",
      "铋剂"
    ],
    "exclusionPrecedence": "before_name_candidate"
  },
  "productPresentations": [
    {
      "id": "us-carafate-1g-tablet-58914-171-10",
      "marketCode": "US",
      "labelVersion": {
        "zh": "DailyMed 当前 SPL；处方信息修订 2024-05",
        "en": "Current DailyMed SPL; prescribing information revised May 2024"
      },
      "dosageForm": {
        "zh": "CARAFATE 硫糖铝 1 g 口服片",
        "en": "CARAFATE sucralfate 1 g oral tablet"
      },
      "route": {
        "zh": "口服",
        "en": "oral"
      },
      "routeCodes": [
        "oral"
      ],
      "productCode": "NDA 018333 / NDC 58914-171-10",
      "pouchCode": null,
      "applicationNumber": null,
      "presentationRole": null,
      "primaryStrengthBasisCode": "per_tablet",
      "primaryDisplay": {
        "zh": "每片硫糖铝 1 g；100 片瓶装",
        "en": "Sucralfate 1 g per tablet; 100-tablet bottle"
      },
      "imageUrl": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/image.cfm?name=carafate-tablets-02.jpg&setid=c87c6b50-6977-4fa7-ae98-40c0753f7aee",
      "visualStatus": "exact_public_label_package_image",
      "labeledQuantities": [
        {
          "ingredient": {
            "zh": "硫糖铝",
            "en": "sucralfate"
          },
          "value": 1,
          "unit": "g",
          "basisCode": "per_tablet",
          "basisLabel": {
            "zh": "每片标签标示量；不是个人片数或频次",
            "en": "labelled amount per tablet; not an individual's tablet count or frequency"
          }
        }
      ],
      "concentration": null,
      "container": null,
      "deliveryDevice": null,
      "compatibleReusableDevice": null,
      "listingStatus": {
        "reviewedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "currentLabelDisplayed": true,
        "ndcDirectoryListed": true,
        "marketAvailability": "current_public_label_record",
        "marketingStartDate": null,
        "marketingEndDate": null,
        "purpleBookPresentationStatus": null,
        "statusConflictRequiresManualReview": false
      },
      "package": null,
      "physicalClues": {
        "color": {
          "zh": "浅粉色",
          "en": "light pink"
        },
        "shape": {
          "zh": "长椭圆形、有刻痕；刻痕不是自行掰片许可",
          "en": "oblong and scored; the score is not permission to self-split"
        },
        "imprint": "CARAFATE / 1712",
        "scoreStatus": null,
        "patchAreaCm2": null
      },
      "comparisonNotice": null,
      "source": {
        "id": "src_76220245f3288cb9",
        "label": "DailyMed（NLM）：CARAFATE 1 g 片剂当前美国公开标签",
        "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=c87c6b50-6977-4fa7-ae98-40c0753f7aee",
        "audience": "public",
        "reviewStatus": "approved",
        "publish": true,
        "documentStatus": "current_regulatory_record",
        "documentKind": "product_label",
        "market": "US",
        "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
        "accessMode": "public_web_page",
        "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "reviewedAt": "2026-08-31"
      },
      "scope": "package_and_label_identity_only_not_personal_dosing_or_conversion"
    },
    {
      "id": "us-carafate-1g-per-10ml-suspension-nda-019183",
      "marketCode": "US",
      "labelVersion": {
        "zh": "DailyMed 2023-06-08 有日期标签；Orange Book 当前 DISCN",
        "en": "Dated DailyMed label of 8 Jun 2023; currently DISCN in Orange Book"
      },
      "dosageForm": {
        "zh": "CARAFATE 硫糖铝 1 g/10 mL 口服混悬液（历史身份）",
        "en": "CARAFATE sucralfate 1 g/10 mL oral suspension (historical identity)"
      },
      "route": {
        "zh": "仅口服",
        "en": "oral only"
      },
      "routeCodes": [
        "oral"
      ],
      "productCode": "NDA 019183 / NDC 58914-170",
      "pouchCode": null,
      "applicationNumber": null,
      "presentationRole": null,
      "primaryStrengthBasisCode": "per_10_ml",
      "primaryDisplay": {
        "zh": "每 10 mL 含硫糖铝 1 g；不是个人毫升数",
        "en": "Sucralfate 1 g per 10 mL; not an individual's millilitres"
      },
      "imageUrl": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/image.cfm?name=carafate-oral-suspension-02.jpg&setid=0fb67b1c-b4c0-46f2-8a81-df1510e006aa",
      "visualStatus": "exact_public_label_package_image",
      "labeledQuantities": [
        {
          "ingredient": {
            "zh": "硫糖铝",
            "en": "sucralfate"
          },
          "value": 1,
          "unit": "g",
          "basisCode": "per_10_ml",
          "basisLabel": {
            "zh": "每 10 mL 标签浓度；不是个人用量",
            "en": "labelled concentration per 10 mL; not an individual's amount"
          }
        }
      ],
      "concentration": null,
      "container": null,
      "deliveryDevice": null,
      "compatibleReusableDevice": null,
      "listingStatus": {
        "reviewedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "currentLabelDisplayed": false,
        "ndcDirectoryListed": false,
        "marketAvailability": "historical_discontinued_orange_book_record",
        "marketingStartDate": null,
        "marketingEndDate": null,
        "purpleBookPresentationStatus": null,
        "statusConflictRequiresManualReview": false
      },
      "package": null,
      "physicalClues": null,
      "comparisonNotice": null,
      "source": {
        "id": "src_1187e6edc0397419",
        "label": "DailyMed（NLM）：CARAFATE 1 g/10 mL 口服混悬液美国公开标签档案",
        "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=0fb67b1c-b4c0-46f2-8a81-df1510e006aa",
        "audience": "public",
        "reviewStatus": "approved",
        "publish": true,
        "documentStatus": "dated_public_record",
        "documentKind": "product_label",
        "market": "US",
        "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
        "accessMode": "public_web_page",
        "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "reviewedAt": "2026-08-31"
      },
      "scope": "package_and_label_identity_only_not_personal_dosing_or_conversion"
    }
  ],
  "comparisonPresentations": [],
  "appearanceReferences": [],
  "visualReference": {
    "presentationId": "us-carafate-1g-tablet-58914-171-10",
    "status": "historical_public_label_image_not_product_authentication",
    "imageUrl": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/image.cfm?name=carafate-tablets-02.jpg&setid=c87c6b50-6977-4fa7-ae98-40c0753f7aee",
    "alt": "美国当前 CARAFATE 硫糖铝片每片 1 g、NDC 58914-171-10、100 片瓶装的 DailyMed 官方标签展示面",
    "archiveMarket": "美国",
    "labelVersion": "DailyMed 当前 SPL；处方信息修订 2024-05",
    "presentation": "CARAFATE 硫糖铝片：每片 1 g，NDC 58914-171-10，100 片瓶装。",
    "notice": "此图只对应所引 DailyMed 当前标签中的美国 1 g 片剂、NDC 58914-171-10、100 片瓶装；不代表口服混悬液、中国大陆或其他市场包装、实时库存及个人适用性，不用于鉴定真伪，也不生成个人片数、频次或与其他药物的间隔方案。",
    "source": {
      "id": "src_76220245f3288cb9",
      "label": "DailyMed（NLM）：CARAFATE 1 g 片剂当前美国公开标签",
      "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=c87c6b50-6977-4fa7-ae98-40c0753f7aee",
      "audience": "public",
      "reviewStatus": "approved",
      "publish": true,
      "documentStatus": "current_regulatory_record",
      "documentKind": "product_label",
      "market": "US",
      "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
      "accessMode": "public_web_page",
      "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-31",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-08-31"
    }
  },
  "visualCoverageNote": null,
  "labelReading": {
    "coverage": "drug_specific_source_review",
    "title": {
      "zh": "CARAFATE 说明书放大阅读：先核对吞咽、肾功能与完整药单",
      "en": "CARAFATE enlarged label: first check swallowing, kidney function and the complete medicine list"
    },
    "summary": {
      "zh": "硫糖铝虽主要在胃肠道局部作用，但会结合某些合并用药并降低其吸收；肾功能不全或透析人群还需关注铝蓄积。网页不自动生成错开时间表。",
      "en": "Although sucralfate acts mainly in the gut, it can bind some co-medications and reduce absorption; aluminum accumulation also matters in renal impairment or dialysis. The site does not generate a personal separation schedule."
    },
    "checks": [
      {
        "zh": "1 g 片剂与 1 g/10 mL 混悬液的计量基础不同；标签明确指出两种剂型的等效性未被证明，不能自行用 10 mL 换一片。",
        "en": "The 1 g tablet and 1 g/10 mL suspension use different quantity bases; the label says equivalence has not been demonstrated, so 10 mL must not be self-exchanged for one tablet."
      },
      {
        "zh": "吞咽困难、气管切开、既往误吸、近期或长期插管，或咳嗽/咽反射受影响的人，片剂存在误吸与呼吸并发症风险，应先由专业人员核对剂型。",
        "en": "With dysphagia, tracheostomy, prior aspiration, intubation, or impaired cough/gag reflex, tablet aspiration and respiratory complications require professional dosage-form review."
      },
      {
        "zh": "慢性肾功能不全或透析会降低所吸收铝的排出；同时使用含铝制酸剂可能增加总铝负担。",
        "en": "Chronic renal failure or dialysis reduces excretion of absorbed aluminum, and aluminum-containing antacids may increase total burden."
      },
      {
        "zh": "标签列出的相互作用对象包括地高辛、氟喹诺酮类、左甲状腺素、苯妥英、四环素、茶碱和华法林等。不要只凭网页自行安排间隔；请让药师核对完整药单。",
        "en": "The label lists interaction concerns including digoxin, fluoroquinolones, levothyroxine, phenytoin, tetracycline, theophylline and warfarin. Do not create a separation schedule from the site alone; have a pharmacist review the complete list."
      }
    ],
    "source": {
      "id": "src_76220245f3288cb9",
      "label": "DailyMed（NLM）：CARAFATE 1 g 片剂当前美国公开标签",
      "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=c87c6b50-6977-4fa7-ae98-40c0753f7aee",
      "audience": "public",
      "reviewStatus": "approved",
      "publish": true,
      "documentStatus": "current_regulatory_record",
      "documentKind": "product_label",
      "market": "US",
      "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
      "accessMode": "public_web_page",
      "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-31",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-08-31"
    },
    "scope": "label_literacy_only_no_individual_dosing_or_substitution"
  },
  "mechanismReading": {
    "title": {
      "zh": "硫糖铝怎样起作用：主要形成覆盖溃疡部位的局部屏障",
      "en": "How sucralfate works: mainly by forming a local barrier over the ulcer site"
    },
    "summary": {
      "zh": "标签说明其全身吸收很少，并可在溃疡处形成黏附复合物，帮助抵御酸、胃蛋白酶和胆盐。它不是简单的“强力中和胃酸”，也不能据此自行与抑酸药叠加或替换。",
      "en": "The label says systemic absorption is minimal and describes an ulcer-adherent complex that helps protect against acid, pepsin and bile salts. This does not justify self-adding or replacing acid-suppressing medicines."
    },
    "checks": [
      {
        "zh": "黑便、呕血、吞咽困难、持续呕吐或明显乏力需要及时医疗评估，不能只靠“形成保护膜”的解释自行处理。",
        "en": "Black stools, vomiting blood, dysphagia, persistent vomiting or marked fatigue requires timely clinical assessment, not self-treatment from a barrier explanation."
      },
      {
        "zh": "局部作用不等于没有相互作用；硫糖铝可在胃肠道结合其他药物，因此必须核对完整药单。",
        "en": "Local action does not mean no interactions; sucralfate can bind other medicines in the gastrointestinal tract, so the complete medicine list must be reviewed."
      },
      {
        "zh": "同样用于胃部不适的质子泵抑制剂、H2 受体阻滞剂、制酸剂和铋剂具有不同成分与作用路径，不能按症状或品牌自行叠加、轮换或替代。",
        "en": "Proton-pump inhibitors, H2 blockers, antacids and bismuth products used for stomach concerns have different ingredients and pathways and must not be self-combined, alternated or substituted from symptoms or brands."
      }
    ],
    "source": {
      "id": "src_76220245f3288cb9",
      "label": "DailyMed（NLM）：CARAFATE 1 g 片剂当前美国公开标签",
      "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=c87c6b50-6977-4fa7-ae98-40c0753f7aee",
      "audience": "public",
      "reviewStatus": "approved",
      "publish": true,
      "documentStatus": "current_regulatory_record",
      "documentKind": "product_label",
      "market": "US",
      "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
      "accessMode": "public_web_page",
      "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-31",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-08-31"
    },
    "scope": "mechanism_literacy_only_no_individual_dosing_or_substitution"
  },
  "pharmacovigilance": {
    "status": "official_routes_only_no_live_alert_inference",
    "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22",
    "identity": {
      "brand": "CARAFATE",
      "generic": "硫糖铝",
      "dosageFormClass": "片剂按每片 1 g 标示；混悬液按每 10 mL 含 1 g 标示。1 g 等于 1000 mg 只是单位换算，不是个人片数、毫升数、频次或疗程。"
    },
    "labelSource": {
      "id": "src_76220245f3288cb9",
      "label": "DailyMed（NLM）：CARAFATE 1 g 片剂当前美国公开标签",
      "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=c87c6b50-6977-4fa7-ae98-40c0753f7aee",
      "audience": "public",
      "reviewStatus": "approved",
      "publish": true,
      "documentStatus": "current_regulatory_record",
      "documentKind": "product_label",
      "market": "US",
      "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
      "accessMode": "public_web_page",
      "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-31",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-08-31"
    },
    "productRoutes": [
      {
        "source": {
          "id": "src_76220245f3288cb9",
          "label": "DailyMed（NLM）：CARAFATE 1 g 片剂当前美国公开标签",
          "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=c87c6b50-6977-4fa7-ae98-40c0753f7aee",
          "audience": "public",
          "reviewStatus": "approved",
          "publish": true,
          "documentStatus": "current_regulatory_record",
          "documentKind": "product_label",
          "market": "US",
          "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
          "accessMode": "public_web_page",
          "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-31",
          "reviewedAt": "2026-08-31"
        },
        "status": "product_level_public_record_verified",
        "authority": {
          "zh": "美国国家医学图书馆 DailyMed",
          "en": "U.S. National Library of Medicine DailyMed"
        },
        "market": {
          "zh": "美国",
          "en": "United States"
        },
        "recordType": {
          "zh": "公开药品标签",
          "en": "Public medicine label"
        },
        "reviewedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "scope": {
          "zh": "已逐项核对本档案可公开访问的产品级来源入口。该核对不代表已完成所有国家或地区的实时警示检索，也不代表该药存在或不存在当前风险。",
          "en": "This dossier’s publicly accessible product-level route has been checked individually. It does not mean that real-time alerts in every country or region have been searched, or that the medicine has or does not have a current risk."
        }
      },
      {
        "source": {
          "id": "src_1187e6edc0397419",
          "label": "DailyMed（NLM）：CARAFATE 1 g/10 mL 口服混悬液美国公开标签档案",
          "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=0fb67b1c-b4c0-46f2-8a81-df1510e006aa",
          "audience": "public",
          "reviewStatus": "approved",
          "publish": true,
          "documentStatus": "dated_public_record",
          "documentKind": "product_label",
          "market": "US",
          "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
          "accessMode": "public_web_page",
          "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-31",
          "reviewedAt": "2026-08-31"
        },
        "status": "product_level_public_record_verified",
        "authority": {
          "zh": "美国国家医学图书馆 DailyMed",
          "en": "U.S. National Library of Medicine DailyMed"
        },
        "market": {
          "zh": "美国",
          "en": "United States"
        },
        "recordType": {
          "zh": "公开药品标签",
          "en": "Public medicine label"
        },
        "reviewedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "scope": {
          "zh": "已逐项核对本档案可公开访问的产品级来源入口。该核对不代表已完成所有国家或地区的实时警示检索，也不代表该药存在或不存在当前风险。",
          "en": "This dossier’s publicly accessible product-level route has been checked individually. It does not mean that real-time alerts in every country or region have been searched, or that the medicine has or does not have a current risk."
        }
      },
      {
        "source": {
          "id": "src_10e511bf83430e3b",
          "label": "FDA Orange Book：CARAFATE／sucralfate NDA 018333 片剂与 NDA 019183 混悬液产品身份",
          "url": "https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files",
          "audience": "public",
          "reviewStatus": "approved",
          "publish": true,
          "documentStatus": "current_regulatory_dataset",
          "documentKind": "regulatory_product_record",
          "market": "US",
          "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
          "accessMode": "public_web_page",
          "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-29",
          "reviewedAt": "2026-08-29"
        },
        "status": "product_level_public_record_verified",
        "authority": {
          "zh": "FDA",
          "en": "FDA"
        },
        "market": {
          "zh": "美国",
          "en": "United States"
        },
        "recordType": {
          "zh": "监管产品记录或标签档案",
          "en": "Regulatory product record or label archive"
        },
        "reviewedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "scope": {
          "zh": "已逐项核对本档案可公开访问的产品级来源入口。该核对不代表已完成所有国家或地区的实时警示检索，也不代表该药存在或不存在当前风险。",
          "en": "This dossier’s publicly accessible product-level route has been checked individually. It does not mean that real-time alerts in every country or region have been searched, or that the medicine has or does not have a current risk."
        }
      }
    ],
    "recordRoute": {
      "status": "product_level_public_record_verified",
      "authority": {
        "zh": "美国国家医学图书馆 DailyMed",
        "en": "U.S. National Library of Medicine DailyMed"
      },
      "market": {
        "zh": "美国",
        "en": "United States"
      },
      "recordType": {
        "zh": "公开药品标签",
        "en": "Public medicine label"
      },
      "reviewedAt": "2026-08-31",
      "scope": {
        "zh": "已逐项核对本档案可公开访问的产品级来源入口。该核对不代表已完成所有国家或地区的实时警示检索，也不代表该药存在或不存在当前风险。",
        "en": "This dossier’s publicly accessible product-level route has been checked individually. It does not mean that real-time alerts in every country or region have been searched, or that the medicine has or does not have a current risk."
      }
    },
    "channels": [
      {
        "id": "china-nmpa-drug-evaluation-centre",
        "authority": "NMPA 药品评价中心",
        "market": {
          "zh": "中国大陆",
          "en": "Mainland China"
        },
        "title": {
          "zh": "药物警戒快讯与安全警示",
          "en": "Drug-vigilance bulletins and safety notices"
        },
        "purpose": {
          "zh": "国家药监局药品评价中心发布的药物警戒快讯、安全警示及药品不良反应监测相关原始入口；具体产品仍须按批准文号、剂型、规格、持有人和公告日期逐项核对。",
          "en": "Primary NMPA Drug Evaluation Centre gateway for drug-vigilance bulletins, safety notices and adverse-reaction monitoring. Exact products still require checking approval number, dosage form, strength, authorisation holder and notice date item by item."
        },
        "source": {
          "id": "src_05ff2860226564d4",
          "label": "国家药监局药品评价中心：药物警戒与安全警示入口",
          "url": "https://www.cdr-adr.org.cn/",
          "audience": "public",
          "reviewStatus": "approved",
          "publish": true,
          "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring",
          "documentKind": "regulatory_safety_communication",
          "market": "CN",
          "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
          "accessMode": "public_web_page",
          "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22",
          "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "fda-drug-safety-communications",
        "authority": "FDA",
        "market": {
          "zh": "美国",
          "en": "United States"
        },
        "title": {
          "zh": "药物安全通讯",
          "en": "Drug Safety Communications"
        },
        "purpose": {
          "zh": "监管机构就重要新安全问题、标签变化或风险沟通发布的原始页面。",
          "en": "Primary FDA pages for important new safety issues, labelling changes and risk communications."
        },
        "source": {
          "id": "src_9177df9e1825aa72",
          "label": "FDA：Drug Safety Communications",
          "url": "https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/drug-safety-communications",
          "audience": "public",
          "reviewStatus": "approved",
          "publish": true,
          "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring",
          "documentKind": "regulatory_safety_communication",
          "market": "US",
          "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
          "accessMode": "public_web_page",
          "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22",
          "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "fda-medwatch",
        "authority": "FDA MedWatch",
        "market": {
          "zh": "美国",
          "en": "United States"
        },
        "title": {
          "zh": "安全信息与严重问题报告",
          "en": "Safety information and serious-problem reporting"
        },
        "purpose": {
          "zh": "美国 MedWatch 的安全信息和报告入口；报告不等同于已证实因果关系。",
          "en": "U.S. MedWatch safety-information and reporting gateway; a report does not itself establish causality."
        },
        "source": {
          "id": "src_e4739cd55d27ab51",
          "label": "FDA：MedWatch 药品安全信息与不良事件报告计划",
          "url": "https://www.fda.gov/safety/medwatch-fda-safety-information-and-adverse-event-reporting-program",
          "audience": "public",
          "reviewStatus": "approved",
          "publish": true,
          "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring",
          "documentKind": "adverse_event_reporting",
          "market": "US",
          "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
          "accessMode": "public_web_page",
          "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22",
          "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "ema-pharmacovigilance",
        "authority": "EMA",
        "market": {
          "zh": "欧盟/欧洲经济区",
          "en": "European Union / European Economic Area"
        },
        "title": {
          "zh": "药物警戒概览与 EudraVigilance",
          "en": "Pharmacovigilance overview and EudraVigilance"
        },
        "purpose": {
          "zh": "欧盟药物警戒、疑似不良反应报告和 PRAC 安全评估的官方入口。",
          "en": "Official EU gateway for pharmacovigilance, suspected adverse-reaction reports and PRAC safety assessment."
        },
        "source": {
          "id": "src_2ad42a3deae747d1",
          "label": "EMA：Pharmacovigilance overview",
          "url": "https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/human-regulatory-overview/pharmacovigilance-overview",
          "audience": "public",
          "reviewStatus": "approved",
          "publish": true,
          "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring",
          "documentKind": "regulatory_safety_communication",
          "market": "EU",
          "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
          "accessMode": "javascript_or_cookie_controls",
          "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22",
          "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "mhra-drug-safety-update",
        "authority": "MHRA",
        "market": {
          "zh": "英国",
          "en": "United Kingdom"
        },
        "title": {
          "zh": "Drug Safety Update",
          "en": "Drug Safety Update"
        },
        "purpose": {
          "zh": "英国 MHRA 面向专业人士和公众的药品安全更新原始发布页。",
          "en": "Primary UK MHRA medicine-safety updates for professionals and the public."
        },
        "source": {
          "id": "src_23fdbe67abeafc63",
          "label": "MHRA：Drug Safety Update",
          "url": "https://www.gov.uk/drug-safety-update",
          "audience": "public",
          "reviewStatus": "approved",
          "publish": true,
          "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring",
          "documentKind": "regulatory_safety_communication",
          "market": "UK",
          "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
          "accessMode": "public_web_page",
          "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22",
          "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "pmda-drug-safety",
        "authority": "PMDA",
        "market": {
          "zh": "日本",
          "en": "Japan"
        },
        "title": {
          "zh": "药品安全信息",
          "en": "Medicine safety information"
        },
        "purpose": {
          "zh": "日本 PMDA 药品安全信息的英文官方入口；具体产品仍应以日文产品页和现行文件复核。",
          "en": "PMDA’s English official safety gateway; exact products still require checking against the Japanese product page and current documents."
        },
        "source": {
          "id": "src_06d6be2880f12024",
          "label": "PMDA：Safety Information Regarding Drugs",
          "url": "https://www.pmda.go.jp/english/safety/info-services/drugs/0001.html",
          "audience": "public",
          "reviewStatus": "approved",
          "publish": true,
          "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring",
          "documentKind": "regulatory_safety_communication",
          "market": "JP",
          "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
          "accessMode": "public_web_page",
          "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22",
          "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "mfds-drug-safety-letters",
        "authority": "MFDS",
        "market": {
          "zh": "韩国",
          "en": "Republic of Korea"
        },
        "title": {
          "zh": "药品安全性书信",
          "en": "Medicine safety letters"
        },
        "purpose": {
          "zh": "韩国 MFDS 发布的药品安全性书信原始索引。原文为韩文，须按涉及产品、剂型、市场和日期逐项阅读；它不自动适用于其他市场，也不构成对个人情况的结论。",
          "en": "MFDS’s primary index for medicine safety letters in the Republic of Korea. The original notices are in Korean and must be read against the named product, dosage form, market and date; they do not automatically apply in another market or decide an individual case."
        },
        "source": {
          "id": "src_2d7f5018cd05eff4",
          "label": "MFDS：药品安全性书信（韩文原始资料）",
          "url": "https://www.mfds.go.kr/brd/m_545/list.do",
          "audience": "public",
          "reviewStatus": "approved",
          "publish": true,
          "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring",
          "documentKind": "regulatory_safety_communication",
          "market": "KR",
          "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
          "accessMode": "public_web_page",
          "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22",
          "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "hsa-adverse-events",
        "authority": "HSA",
        "market": {
          "zh": "新加坡",
          "en": "Singapore"
        },
        "title": {
          "zh": "不良反应报告与药物安全信息",
          "en": "Adverse-event reporting and medicine-safety information"
        },
        "purpose": {
          "zh": "新加坡 HSA 面向公众的疑似不良反应报告、药物安全信息与本地监管入口；一份报告不等同于个体因果关系，具体产品仍须按新加坡注册状态、剂型、规格、日期和现行产品资料逐项核对。",
          "en": "HSA’s public Singapore gateway for suspected adverse-event reporting and medicine-safety information. A report does not itself establish individual causality; exact products still require checking Singapore registration status, dosage form, strength, date and current product information."
        },
        "source": {
          "id": "src_9240397d5a8574c1",
          "label": "HSA：Report adverse events",
          "url": "https://www.hsa.gov.sg/adverse-events/",
          "audience": "public",
          "reviewStatus": "approved",
          "publish": true,
          "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring",
          "documentKind": "adverse_event_reporting",
          "market": "SG",
          "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
          "accessMode": "public_web_page",
          "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22",
          "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "health-canada-medeffect-advisories",
        "authority": "Health Canada",
        "market": {
          "zh": "加拿大",
          "en": "Canada"
        },
        "title": {
          "zh": "MedEffect 加拿大：建议、警告与召回",
          "en": "MedEffect Canada: advisories, warnings and recalls"
        },
        "purpose": {
          "zh": "加拿大政府 Health Canada 的 MedEffect 公开入口，汇集药品及健康产品的建议、警告、召回、报告与安全信息；具体产品仍须按市场、剂型、规格、公告日期和批号逐项核对。",
          "en": "Health Canada’s public MedEffect gateway for medicine and health-product advisories, warnings, recalls, reporting and safety information. Exact products still require checking market, dosage form, strength, notice date and lot item by item."
        },
        "source": {
          "id": "src_212ec921fa6634ad",
          "label": "Health Canada：MedEffect Canada 建议、警告与召回",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/medeffect-canada/advisories-warnings-recalls.html",
          "audience": "public",
          "reviewStatus": "approved",
          "publish": true,
          "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring",
          "documentKind": "regulatory_safety_communication",
          "market": "CA",
          "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
          "accessMode": "public_web_page",
          "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22",
          "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "tga-safety-alerts",
        "authority": "TGA",
        "market": {
          "zh": "澳大利亚",
          "en": "Australia"
        },
        "title": {
          "zh": "药品安全警示",
          "en": "Medicine safety alerts"
        },
        "purpose": {
          "zh": "澳大利亚 TGA 的药品安全警示、建议和监测信息原始发布页。",
          "en": "Primary Australian TGA safety alerts, advisories and monitoring information for therapeutic products."
        },
        "source": {
          "id": "src_ffe6142814f88fac",
          "label": "TGA：Safety alerts",
          "url": "https://www.tga.gov.au/safety/safety-monitoring-and-information/safety-alerts",
          "audience": "public",
          "reviewStatus": "approved",
          "publish": true,
          "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring",
          "documentKind": "regulatory_safety_communication",
          "market": "AU",
          "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
          "accessMode": "public_web_page",
          "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22",
          "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "swissmedic-pharmacovigilance",
        "authority": "Swissmedic",
        "market": {
          "zh": "瑞士",
          "en": "Switzerland"
        },
        "title": {
          "zh": "药物警戒与不良反应报告",
          "en": "Pharmacovigilance and suspected adverse-reaction reporting"
        },
        "purpose": {
          "zh": "瑞士 Swissmedic 的药物警戒、信号评估和疑似不良反应官方入口；报告或信号本身不等同于对个体因果关系的确认。",
          "en": "Official Swissmedic gateway for pharmacovigilance, signal assessment and suspected adverse-reaction reporting; a report or signal does not itself confirm individual causality."
        },
        "source": {
          "id": "src_c854f813ce2671df",
          "label": "Swissmedic：Pharmacovigilance",
          "url": "https://www.swissmedic.ch/swissmedic/en/home/humanarzneimittel/market-surveillance/pharmacovigilance.html",
          "audience": "public",
          "reviewStatus": "approved",
          "publish": true,
          "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring",
          "documentKind": "adverse_event_reporting",
          "market": "CH",
          "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
          "accessMode": "public_web_page",
          "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22",
          "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "medsafe-safety-communications",
        "authority": "Medsafe",
        "market": {
          "zh": "新西兰",
          "en": "New Zealand"
        },
        "title": {
          "zh": "药品安全通讯",
          "en": "Medicine safety communications"
        },
        "purpose": {
          "zh": "新西兰 Medsafe 面向公众和专业人士的药品安全通讯与归档入口；旧公告可能已被现行产品资料更新。",
          "en": "New Zealand Medsafe gateway for public and professional medicine safety communications and archives; older notices may have been superseded by current product information."
        },
        "source": {
          "id": "src_3510c1a523ec9769",
          "label": "Medsafe：Safety Communications",
          "url": "https://www.medsafe.govt.nz/safety/SafetyCommunications.asp",
          "audience": "public",
          "reviewStatus": "approved",
          "publish": true,
          "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring",
          "documentKind": "regulatory_safety_communication",
          "market": "NZ",
          "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
          "accessMode": "public_web_page",
          "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22",
          "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "sahpra-safety-information",
        "authority": "SAHPRA",
        "market": {
          "zh": "南非",
          "en": "South Africa"
        },
        "title": {
          "zh": "药物安全信息、警示与药物警戒",
          "en": "Medicine safety information, alerts and pharmacovigilance"
        },
        "purpose": {
          "zh": "南非 SAHPRA 面向公众和专业人士的药物安全信息、警示与药物警戒入口；官方警示不等同于产品在所有情形下不安全，具体产品仍须按南非注册状态、剂型、规格、公告日期与现行资料逐项核对。",
          "en": "SAHPRA’s safety-information, alerts and pharmacovigilance gateway for the public and professionals in South Africa. An official alert does not itself mean a product is unsafe in every circumstance; exact products still require checking South African registration status, dosage form, strength, notice date and current product information."
        },
        "source": {
          "id": "src_25b0aaefee742163",
          "label": "SAHPRA：Safety Information Updates / Pharmacovigilance",
          "url": "https://www.sahpra.org.za/safety-information-and-updates/",
          "audience": "public",
          "reviewStatus": "approved",
          "publish": true,
          "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring",
          "documentKind": "regulatory_safety_communication",
          "market": "ZA",
          "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
          "accessMode": "public_web_page",
          "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22",
          "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "who-medicine-safety-alerts",
        "authority": "WHO",
        "market": {
          "zh": "全球",
          "en": "Global"
        },
        "title": {
          "zh": "药品与疫苗安全警示档案",
          "en": "Medicine and vaccine safety-alert archive"
        },
        "purpose": {
          "zh": "WHO 的跨市场安全警示档案；每条历史警示必须按公告日期、涉及产品和市场单独阅读。",
          "en": "WHO’s cross-market safety-alert archive; every historical notice must be read against its date, named product and market."
        },
        "source": {
          "id": "src_9a7dc56ec34c7e1a",
          "label": "WHO：Safety alerts for medicines and vaccines",
          "url": "https://www.who.int/teams/regulation-prequalification/regulation-and-safety/pharmacovigilance/safety-alerts",
          "audience": "public",
          "reviewStatus": "approved",
          "publish": true,
          "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring",
          "documentKind": "regulatory_safety_communication",
          "market": "GLOBAL",
          "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
          "accessMode": "public_web_page",
          "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22",
          "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "anvisa-pharmacovigilance",
        "authority": "Anvisa",
        "market": {
          "zh": "巴西",
          "en": "Brazil"
        },
        "title": {
          "zh": "药物警戒、警示与 VigiMed",
          "en": "Pharmacovigilance, alerts and VigiMed"
        },
        "purpose": {
          "zh": "巴西 Anvisa 的药物警戒原始入口，涵盖警示、药物警戒公告、风险沟通和 VigiMed 报告路径；具体产品仍须按巴西批准状态、剂型、规格和公告日期逐项核对。",
          "en": "Anvisa’s primary Brazilian pharmacovigilance gateway for alerts, bulletins, risk communication and VigiMed reporting. Exact products still require checking Brazilian authorisation status, dosage form, strength and notice date item by item."
        },
        "source": {
          "id": "src_5de362c12580111d",
          "label": "Anvisa：Farmacovigilância（药物警戒、警示与 VigiMed）",
          "url": "https://www.gov.br/anvisa/pt-br/assuntos/fiscalizacao-e-monitoramento/farmacovigilancia",
          "audience": "public",
          "reviewStatus": "approved",
          "publish": true,
          "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring",
          "documentKind": "regulatory_safety_communication",
          "market": "BR",
          "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
          "accessMode": "public_web_page",
          "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22",
          "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22"
        }
      }
    ],
    "notices": [],
    "boundary": {
      "zh": "本卡将逐药产品级来源与 15 个市场级官方警戒入口放在同一处核验；它不表示已完成该药在所有国家或地区的实时警示检索，也不表示该药存在新的安全警示、召回或风险结论。请先以品牌名、通用名、剂型、规格、所在市场和公告日期逐项匹配；不要仅因看到标题自行停药、换药、加量或减量。",
      "en": "This card brings together the medicine-specific product route and 15 market-level official vigilance gateways. It does not mean real-time alerts for this medicine have been searched in every country or region, or that the medicine has a new alert, recall or risk conclusion. Match brand, generic name, dosage form, strength, market and notice date item by item; do not self-stop, switch, increase or reduce use from a headline."
    },
    "scope": "official_routes_only_no_live_alert_inference"
  },
  "archive": {
    "summary": "CARAFATE 是硫糖铝品牌档案。它主要在胃肠道局部形成保护性屏障，但仍可能影响其他药物吸收；吞咽困难、肾功能不全、透析或同时服用多种药的人，应把完整药单和实际药盒交给药师逐项核对。",
    "history": "美国片剂标签记录营销起始日期为 1981-10-30。口服混悬液 1993-12-16 起有标签记录，但当前 Orange Book 为 DISCN。本页把当前片剂与历史混悬液拆开，不把公开旧标签等同于当前供应。",
    "sourceDocuments": [
      {
        "id": "src_76220245f3288cb9",
        "label": "DailyMed（NLM）：CARAFATE 1 g 片剂当前美国公开标签",
        "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=c87c6b50-6977-4fa7-ae98-40c0753f7aee",
        "audience": "public",
        "reviewStatus": "approved",
        "publish": true,
        "documentStatus": "current_regulatory_record",
        "documentKind": "product_label",
        "market": "US",
        "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
        "accessMode": "public_web_page",
        "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "reviewedAt": "2026-08-31"
      },
      {
        "id": "src_1187e6edc0397419",
        "label": "DailyMed（NLM）：CARAFATE 1 g/10 mL 口服混悬液美国公开标签档案",
        "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=0fb67b1c-b4c0-46f2-8a81-df1510e006aa",
        "audience": "public",
        "reviewStatus": "approved",
        "publish": true,
        "documentStatus": "dated_public_record",
        "documentKind": "product_label",
        "market": "US",
        "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
        "accessMode": "public_web_page",
        "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-31",
        "reviewedAt": "2026-08-31"
      },
      {
        "id": "src_10e511bf83430e3b",
        "label": "FDA Orange Book：CARAFATE／sucralfate NDA 018333 片剂与 NDA 019183 混悬液产品身份",
        "url": "https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files",
        "audience": "public",
        "reviewStatus": "approved",
        "publish": true,
        "documentStatus": "current_regulatory_dataset",
        "documentKind": "regulatory_product_record",
        "market": "US",
        "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
        "accessMode": "public_web_page",
        "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-29",
        "reviewedAt": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ],
    "applicationNumber": "NDA 018333（片剂）/ NDA 019183（混悬液）",
    "approvalTimeline": [
      {
        "date": "1981-10-30",
        "title": {
          "zh": "美国 CARAFATE 片剂标签营销起始记录",
          "en": "U.S. CARAFATE tablet label marketing-start record"
        },
        "detail": {
          "zh": "DailyMed 当前结构化标签把 NDA 018333、NDC 58914-171-10 与该日期关联；这是监管与标签身份，不是全球供应证明。",
          "en": "The current structured DailyMed label links NDA 018333 and NDC 58914-171-10 to this date; this is regulatory and label identity, not proof of global supply."
        },
        "source": {
          "id": "src_76220245f3288cb9",
          "label": "DailyMed（NLM）：CARAFATE 1 g 片剂当前美国公开标签",
          "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=c87c6b50-6977-4fa7-ae98-40c0753f7aee",
          "audience": "public",
          "reviewStatus": "approved",
          "publish": true,
          "documentStatus": "current_regulatory_record",
          "documentKind": "product_label",
          "market": "US",
          "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
          "accessMode": "public_web_page",
          "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-31",
          "reviewedAt": "2026-08-31"
        }
      },
      {
        "date": "1993-12-16",
        "title": {
          "zh": "美国 CARAFATE 口服混悬液标签营销起始记录",
          "en": "U.S. CARAFATE oral-suspension label marketing-start record"
        },
        "detail": {
          "zh": "DailyMed 标签档案记录 NDA 019183 的 1 g/10 mL 产品；Orange Book 当前 DISCN 状态优先用于解释现行监管目录。",
          "en": "The DailyMed label archive records the 1 g/10 mL product under NDA 019183; the current Orange Book DISCN status governs interpretation of the current approval catalogue."
        },
        "source": {
          "id": "src_1187e6edc0397419",
          "label": "DailyMed（NLM）：CARAFATE 1 g/10 mL 口服混悬液美国公开标签档案",
          "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=0fb67b1c-b4c0-46f2-8a81-df1510e006aa",
          "audience": "public",
          "reviewStatus": "approved",
          "publish": true,
          "documentStatus": "dated_public_record",
          "documentKind": "product_label",
          "market": "US",
          "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
          "accessMode": "public_web_page",
          "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-31",
          "reviewedAt": "2026-08-31"
        }
      },
      {
        "date": "2024-05",
        "title": {
          "zh": "片剂处方信息修订",
          "en": "Tablet prescribing information revised"
        },
        "detail": {
          "zh": "现行片剂标签覆盖产品外观、吞咽误吸、肾功能与合并用药吸收等重点。",
          "en": "The current tablet label covers product appearance, aspiration with swallowing impairment, renal considerations and co-medication absorption."
        },
        "source": {
          "id": "src_76220245f3288cb9",
          "label": "DailyMed（NLM）：CARAFATE 1 g 片剂当前美国公开标签",
          "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=c87c6b50-6977-4fa7-ae98-40c0753f7aee",
          "audience": "public",
          "reviewStatus": "approved",
          "publish": true,
          "documentStatus": "current_regulatory_record",
          "documentKind": "product_label",
          "market": "US",
          "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed",
          "accessMode": "public_web_page",
          "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-31",
          "reviewedAt": "2026-08-31"
        }
      }
    ],
    "marketStatus": [
      {
        "market": {
          "zh": "美国片剂",
          "en": "U.S. tablet"
        },
        "status": {
          "zh": "当前公开标签；Orange Book RLD/RS",
          "en": "Current public label; Orange Book RLD/RS"
        },
        "detail": {
          "zh": "1 g 每片，NDC 58914-171-10。",
          "en": "1 g per tablet, NDC 58914-171-10."
        }
      },
      {
        "market": {
          "zh": "美国混悬液",
          "en": "U.S. suspension"
        },
        "status": {
          "zh": "有日期标签档案；Orange Book DISCN",
          "en": "Dated label archive; Orange Book DISCN"
        },
        "detail": {
          "zh": "1 g/10 mL 是浓度，不代表当前库存。",
          "en": "1 g/10 mL is a concentration and does not establish current stock."
        }
      }
    ],
    "frequentlyAskedQuestions": [
      {
        "question": {
          "zh": "1 g 是不是就是一次吃一片？",
          "en": "Does 1 g mean one tablet each time?"
        },
        "answer": {
          "zh": "不是。1 g 是每片标签含量；混悬液的 1 g/10 mL 是浓度。个人片数、毫升数和频次必须以准确处方与现行标签核对。",
          "en": "No. One gram is the labelled amount per tablet, while 1 g/10 mL is a concentration. Individual tablet count, millilitres and frequency require the exact prescription and current label."
        }
      },
      {
        "question": {
          "zh": "药太多，网页能自动告诉我怎么错开吗？",
          "en": "Can the site automatically tell me how to separate many medicines?"
        },
        "answer": {
          "zh": "不能。请带完整药单、药盒和处方让药师制定可执行的时间表。",
          "en": "No. Take the complete list, packs and prescription to a pharmacist for an actionable schedule."
        }
      }
    ],
    "relatedMedicineChecks": [],
    "relatedArticleSlugs": [
      "medicine-label-for-everyday-questions",
      "dose-unit-literacy",
      "same-class-is-not-same-medicine"
    ]
  },
  "canonicalUrls": {
    "zh": "https://origindrug.com/drugs/carafate-sucralfate/",
    "en": "https://origindrug.com/en/drugs/carafate-sucralfate/"
  },
  "limitations": [
    "No originator, generic, interchangeability, availability, price, holder, strength or sale-eligibility conclusion is inferred beyond the linked source documents.",
    "Target-market current labels and official records must be checked separately."
  ]
}