{ "id": "duphalac-lactulose", "recordTier": "source_traceable_archive", "editorial": { "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09", "status": "published_traceable_archive" }, "names": { "brand": "Duphalac", "generic": "乳果糖", "aliases": [ "杜密克", "杜密克®", "乳果糖口服溶液", "lactulose", "Duphalac", "乳果糖" ], "marketBrandNames": [ { "name": "杜密克® / Duphalac®", "market": { "zh": "中国大陆", "en": "Mainland China" }, "evidenceStatus": "dated_public_record", "note": { "zh": "袋装 OTC 原件；不是所有乳果糖产品的通用说明书。", "en": "Sachet OTC original, not a universal lactulose leaflet." }, "source": { "id": "src_ef32e8bef5ca9032", "label": "Abbott China: Duphalac sachet OTC leaflet, revised 2025-05-21", "url": "https://www.abbott.com.cn/content/dam/corp/abbott/cn-cn/2026_update/%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96%E5%8F%A3%E6%9C%8D%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2%EF%BC%88%E8%A2%8B%E8%A3%85%EF%BC%89OTC%20%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A6_20250521.pdf", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "dated_public_record", "documentKind": "first_party_leaflet", "market": "CN", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "direct_document", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-09-09", "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09" } }, { "name": "Duphalac", "market": { "zh": "新加坡", "en": "Singapore" }, "evidenceStatus": "dated_public_record", "note": { "zh": "NDF 记录为 67 g/100 mL；保留当地标示口径。", "en": "NDF records 67 g/100 mL; local notation is preserved." }, "source": { "id": "src_c61a51c19f35ff25", "label": "Singapore NDF: DUPHALAC SYRUP, SIN02818P; updated 2026-07-28", "url": "https://www.ndf.gov.sg/about-drugs/product-information/sin02818p/", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "dated_public_record", "documentKind": "regulatory_product_record", "market": "SG", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "public_web_page", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-09-09", "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09" } } ], "mainlandChinaTradeNameCue": { "value": "杜密克®", "status": "discovery_cue_requires_target_market_verification", "source": { "id": "src_ef32e8bef5ca9032", "label": "Abbott China: Duphalac sachet OTC leaflet, revised 2025-05-21", "url": "https://www.abbott.com.cn/content/dam/corp/abbott/cn-cn/2026_update/%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96%E5%8F%A3%E6%9C%8D%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2%EF%BC%88%E8%A2%8B%E8%A3%85%EF%BC%89OTC%20%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A6_20250521.pdf", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "dated_public_record", "documentKind": "first_party_leaflet", "market": "CN", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "direct_document", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-09-09", "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09" } } }, "identity": { "therapeuticArea": "消化系统", "sourceArchiveMarket": "中国杜密克袋装处方与非处方原件；英国、新加坡记录分列，不互套用法。", "dosageFormClass": "口服液体制剂", "dosageFormClassCode": "oral_solid", "route": "口服", "routeCode": "oral", "historicalApprovalEntry": "1988（英国批准记录）", "archiveSponsorText": "Abbott B.V. / Mylan Products Ltd. (market-specific)" }, "matchPolicy": { "contract": "reviewed_name_and_exclusion_cues_v1", "exactMatchNames": [ "杜密克", "乳果糖", "lactulose", "Duphalac" ], "excludedProductCues": [ "diosmectite", "蒙脱石", "polyethylene glycol", "聚乙二醇" ], "exclusionPrecedence": "before_name_candidate" }, "productPresentations": [ { "id": "cn-duphalac-otc-15ml-6-sachets", "marketCode": "CN", "labelVersion": { "zh": "袋装 OTC 原件，2025-05-21 修订", "en": "Sachet OTC original, revised 21 May 2025" }, "dosageForm": { "zh": "乳果糖口服溶液", "en": "Lactulose oral solution" }, "route": { "zh": "口服", "en": "Oral" }, "routeCodes": [ "oral" ], "productCode": "HJ20171057", "pouchCode": null, "applicationNumber": null, "presentationRole": null, "primaryStrengthBasisCode": "per_mL", "primaryDisplay": { "zh": "667 mg/mL；15 mL/袋；6 袋/盒", "en": "667 mg/mL; 15 mL/sachet; 6 sachets/carton" }, "imageUrl": null, "visualStatus": "source_text_only_no_exact_public_package_image", "labeledQuantities": [ { "ingredient": { "zh": "乳果糖", "en": "lactulose" }, "value": 667, "unit": "mg", "basisCode": "per_mL", "basisLabel": { "zh": "每毫升含量，不是一次用量", "en": "Per mL, not a personal dose" } } ], "concentration": null, "container": null, "deliveryDevice": null, "compatibleReusableDevice": null, "listingStatus": { "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09", "currentLabelDisplayed": false, "ndcDirectoryListed": false, "marketAvailability": "label_listed_not_live_supply", "marketingStartDate": null, "marketingEndDate": null, "purpleBookPresentationStatus": null, "statusConflictRequiresManualReview": false }, "package": { "count": 6, "unit": { "zh": "袋/盒", "en": "sachets/carton" } }, "physicalClues": null, "comparisonNotice": null, "source": { "id": "src_ef32e8bef5ca9032", "label": "Abbott China: Duphalac sachet OTC leaflet, revised 2025-05-21", "url": "https://www.abbott.com.cn/content/dam/corp/abbott/cn-cn/2026_update/%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96%E5%8F%A3%E6%9C%8D%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2%EF%BC%88%E8%A2%8B%E8%A3%85%EF%BC%89OTC%20%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A6_20250521.pdf", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "dated_public_record", "documentKind": "first_party_leaflet", "market": "CN", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "direct_document", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-09-09", "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09" }, "scope": "package_and_label_identity_only_not_personal_dosing_or_conversion" }, { "id": "cn-duphalac-otc-15ml-10-sachets", "marketCode": "CN", "labelVersion": { "zh": "袋装 OTC 原件，2025-05-21 修订", "en": "Sachet OTC original, revised 21 May 2025" }, "dosageForm": { "zh": "乳果糖口服溶液", "en": "Lactulose oral solution" }, "route": { "zh": "口服", "en": "Oral" }, "routeCodes": [ "oral" ], "productCode": "HJ20171057", "pouchCode": null, "applicationNumber": null, "presentationRole": null, "primaryStrengthBasisCode": "per_mL", "primaryDisplay": { "zh": "667 mg/mL；15 mL/袋；10 袋/盒", "en": "667 mg/mL; 15 mL/sachet; 10 sachets/carton" }, "imageUrl": null, "visualStatus": "source_text_only_no_exact_public_package_image", "labeledQuantities": [ { "ingredient": { "zh": "乳果糖", "en": "lactulose" }, "value": 667, "unit": "mg", "basisCode": "per_mL", "basisLabel": { "zh": "每毫升含量，不是一次用量", "en": "Per mL, not a personal dose" } } ], "concentration": null, "container": null, "deliveryDevice": null, "compatibleReusableDevice": null, "listingStatus": { "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09", "currentLabelDisplayed": false, "ndcDirectoryListed": false, "marketAvailability": "label_listed_not_live_supply", "marketingStartDate": null, "marketingEndDate": null, "purpleBookPresentationStatus": null, "statusConflictRequiresManualReview": false }, "package": { "count": 10, "unit": { "zh": "袋/盒", "en": "sachets/carton" } }, "physicalClues": null, "comparisonNotice": null, "source": { "id": "src_ef32e8bef5ca9032", "label": "Abbott China: Duphalac sachet OTC leaflet, revised 2025-05-21", "url": "https://www.abbott.com.cn/content/dam/corp/abbott/cn-cn/2026_update/%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96%E5%8F%A3%E6%9C%8D%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2%EF%BC%88%E8%A2%8B%E8%A3%85%EF%BC%89OTC%20%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A6_20250521.pdf", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "dated_public_record", "documentKind": "first_party_leaflet", "market": "CN", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "direct_document", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-09-09", "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09" }, "scope": "package_and_label_identity_only_not_personal_dosing_or_conversion" }, { "id": "cn-duphalac-otc-15ml-20-sachets", "marketCode": "CN", "labelVersion": { "zh": "袋装 OTC 原件，2025-05-21 修订", "en": "Sachet OTC original, revised 21 May 2025" }, "dosageForm": { "zh": "乳果糖口服溶液", "en": "Lactulose oral solution" }, "route": { "zh": "口服", "en": "Oral" }, "routeCodes": [ "oral" ], "productCode": "HJ20171057", "pouchCode": null, "applicationNumber": null, "presentationRole": null, "primaryStrengthBasisCode": "per_mL", "primaryDisplay": { "zh": "667 mg/mL；15 mL/袋；20 袋/盒", "en": "667 mg/mL; 15 mL/sachet; 20 sachets/carton" }, "imageUrl": null, "visualStatus": "source_text_only_no_exact_public_package_image", "labeledQuantities": [ { "ingredient": { "zh": "乳果糖", "en": "lactulose" }, "value": 667, "unit": "mg", "basisCode": "per_mL", "basisLabel": { "zh": "每毫升含量，不是一次用量", "en": "Per mL, not a personal dose" } } ], "concentration": null, "container": null, "deliveryDevice": null, "compatibleReusableDevice": null, "listingStatus": { "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09", "currentLabelDisplayed": false, "ndcDirectoryListed": false, "marketAvailability": "label_listed_not_live_supply", "marketingStartDate": null, "marketingEndDate": null, "purpleBookPresentationStatus": null, "statusConflictRequiresManualReview": false }, "package": { "count": 20, "unit": { "zh": "袋/盒", "en": "sachets/carton" } }, "physicalClues": null, "comparisonNotice": null, "source": { "id": "src_ef32e8bef5ca9032", "label": "Abbott China: Duphalac sachet OTC leaflet, revised 2025-05-21", "url": "https://www.abbott.com.cn/content/dam/corp/abbott/cn-cn/2026_update/%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96%E5%8F%A3%E6%9C%8D%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2%EF%BC%88%E8%A2%8B%E8%A3%85%EF%BC%89OTC%20%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A6_20250521.pdf", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "dated_public_record", "documentKind": "first_party_leaflet", "market": "CN", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "direct_document", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-09-09", "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09" }, "scope": "package_and_label_identity_only_not_personal_dosing_or_conversion" } ], "comparisonPresentations": [], "appearanceReferences": [], "visualReference": { "status": "withheld_repackaged_or_non_exact_visual", "title": { "zh": "先核文字身份，暂不展示外盒照片", "en": "Check text identity; exact carton photo not shown" }, "summary": { "zh": "尚未取得与这三个中国 OTC 包装逐一对应的官方外盒图。包装卡不证明真伪或现货。", "en": "No official carton images matched individually to these three Chinese OTC packs were obtained. Cards establish neither authenticity nor stock." }, "source": { "id": "src_ef32e8bef5ca9032", "label": "Abbott China: Duphalac sachet OTC leaflet, revised 2025-05-21", "url": "https://www.abbott.com.cn/content/dam/corp/abbott/cn-cn/2026_update/%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96%E5%8F%A3%E6%9C%8D%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2%EF%BC%88%E8%A2%8B%E8%A3%85%EF%BC%89OTC%20%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A6_20250521.pdf", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "dated_public_record", "documentKind": "first_party_leaflet", "market": "CN", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "direct_document", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-09-09", "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09" } }, "visualCoverageNote": null, "labelReading": { "coverage": "drug_specific_source_review", "title": { "zh": "大字读说明书：先分清 OTC 与处方版", "en": "Large-print reading: distinguish OTC and prescription versions" }, "summary": { "zh": "本段阅读中国袋装 OTC 原件：用于慢性功能性便秘。袋数不是用量；老人及有其他疾病者应由医生指导使用。", "en": "This reads the Chinese sachet OTC original for chronic functional constipation. Pack count is not a dose; older adults and people with other conditions need medical guidance." }, "checks": [ { "zh": "667 mg/mL 是浓度；15 mL 是一袋体积。原件另写“15 mL：10 g”，保留标签的取整口径，不拿袋数决定一次喝多少。", "en": "667 mg/mL is concentration; 15 mL is sachet volume. The leaflet also states 15 mL:10 g using its rounded notation." }, { "zh": "不明原因腹痛、肠梗阻或急性炎症性肠病等属于原件禁忌；先就医查原因。", "en": "Unexplained abdominal pain, obstruction and acute inflammatory bowel disease are among the contraindications; seek assessment first." }, { "zh": "腹泻会造成水分和电解质丢失。老人长期使用需核对监测；同时有利尿药、强心苷等，应带完整药单问药师。", "en": "Diarrhoea can disturb fluid and electrolytes. Older long-term users need monitoring review; bring a complete list, including diuretics or cardiac glycosides." }, { "zh": "若治疗二三天后便秘没有改善或反复出现，咨询医生；儿童、妊娠及哺乳期须另核原件限制。", "en": "Consult a clinician if constipation persists or recurs after two or three days; separately check paediatric, pregnancy and breastfeeding restrictions." } ], "source": { "id": "src_ef32e8bef5ca9032", "label": "Abbott China: Duphalac sachet OTC leaflet, revised 2025-05-21", "url": "https://www.abbott.com.cn/content/dam/corp/abbott/cn-cn/2026_update/%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96%E5%8F%A3%E6%9C%8D%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2%EF%BC%88%E8%A2%8B%E8%A3%85%EF%BC%89OTC%20%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A6_20250521.pdf", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "dated_public_record", "documentKind": "first_party_leaflet", "market": "CN", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "direct_document", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-09-09", "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09" }, "scope": "label_literacy_only_no_individual_dosing_or_substitution" }, "mechanismReading": { "title": { "zh": "帮助肠道保留水分，让大便变软", "en": "Helps retain water in the bowel and soften stool" }, "summary": { "zh": "肠道细菌把乳果糖分解成有机酸，改变肠内环境，并通过渗透作用增加水分、促进排便。", "en": "Bowel bacteria break lactulose into organic acids; the resulting osmotic effect increases water in the bowel and supports bowel movement." }, "checks": [ { "zh": "它不是即刻见效的“清肠水”；英国说明书提示可能需二三天起效，各市场原件应分开读。", "en": "It is not an instant bowel cleanse. The UK label notes that an effect may take two or three days; keep local instructions separate." }, { "zh": "肝性脑病也是处方原件中的用途，但与便秘的治疗目标不同，不能抄用另一用途的剂量。", "en": "Hepatic encephalopathy is a prescription indication with different treatment goals; do not copy its dose for constipation." }, { "zh": "吸收很少不等于没有副作用；腹胀、腹痛、腹泻及电解质问题仍需留意。", "en": "Low absorption does not mean no adverse effects: bloating, pain, diarrhoea and electrolyte problems still matter." } ], "source": { "id": "src_7598b6ea3f635a2e", "label": "UK emc: Duphalac SmPC, PL 46302/0032; text revised April 2022", "url": "https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/5525/smpc", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "dated_public_record", "documentKind": "product_label", "market": "UK", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "public_web_page", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-09-09", "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09" }, "scope": "mechanism_literacy_only_no_individual_dosing_or_substitution" }, "pharmacovigilance": { "status": "official_routes_only_no_live_alert_inference", "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22", "identity": { "brand": "Duphalac", "generic": "乳果糖", "dosageFormClass": "口服液体制剂" }, "labelSource": { "id": "src_ef32e8bef5ca9032", "label": "Abbott China: Duphalac sachet OTC leaflet, revised 2025-05-21", "url": "https://www.abbott.com.cn/content/dam/corp/abbott/cn-cn/2026_update/%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96%E5%8F%A3%E6%9C%8D%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2%EF%BC%88%E8%A2%8B%E8%A3%85%EF%BC%89OTC%20%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A6_20250521.pdf", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "dated_public_record", "documentKind": "first_party_leaflet", "market": "CN", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "direct_document", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-09-09", "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09" }, "productRoutes": [ { "source": { "id": "src_ef32e8bef5ca9032", "label": "Abbott China: Duphalac sachet OTC leaflet, revised 2025-05-21", "url": "https://www.abbott.com.cn/content/dam/corp/abbott/cn-cn/2026_update/%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96%E5%8F%A3%E6%9C%8D%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2%EF%BC%88%E8%A2%8B%E8%A3%85%EF%BC%89OTC%20%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A6_20250521.pdf", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "dated_public_record", "documentKind": "first_party_leaflet", "market": "CN", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "direct_document", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-09-09", "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09" }, "status": "manufacturer_public_label_verified", "authority": { "zh": "雅培中国", "en": "Abbott China" }, "market": { "zh": "中国大陆", "en": "Mainland China" }, "recordType": { "zh": "企业公开说明书", "en": "Manufacturer public leaflet" }, "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09", "scope": { "zh": "已逐项核对本档案可公开访问的产品级来源入口。该核对不代表已完成所有国家或地区的实时警示检索，也不代表该药存在或不存在当前风险。", "en": "This dossier’s publicly accessible product-level route has been checked individually. It does not mean that real-time alerts in every country or region have been searched, or that the medicine has or does not have a current risk." } }, { "source": { "id": "src_d09b4df491f3fd70", "label": "Abbott China: Duphalac sachet prescription leaflet, revised 2025-05-21", "url": "https://www.abbott.com.cn/content/dam/corp/abbott/cn-cn/2026_update/%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96%E5%8F%A3%E6%9C%8D%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2%EF%BC%88%E8%A2%8B%E8%A3%85%EF%BC%89Rx%20%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A6_20250521.pdf", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "dated_public_record", "documentKind": "first_party_leaflet", "market": "CN", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "direct_document", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-09-09", "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09" }, "status": "manufacturer_public_label_verified", "authority": { "zh": "雅培中国", "en": "Abbott China" }, "market": { "zh": "中国大陆", "en": "Mainland China" }, "recordType": { "zh": "企业公开说明书", "en": "Manufacturer public leaflet" }, "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09", "scope": { "zh": "已逐项核对本档案可公开访问的产品级来源入口。该核对不代表已完成所有国家或地区的实时警示检索，也不代表该药存在或不存在当前风险。", "en": "This dossier’s publicly accessible product-level route has been checked individually. It does not mean that real-time alerts in every country or region have been searched, or that the medicine has or does not have a current risk." } }, { "source": { "id": "src_7598b6ea3f635a2e", "label": "UK emc: Duphalac SmPC, PL 46302/0032; text revised April 2022", "url": "https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/5525/smpc", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "dated_public_record", "documentKind": "product_label", "market": "UK", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "public_web_page", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-09-09", "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09" }, "status": "product_level_public_record_verified", "authority": { "zh": "英国电子药品目录 eMC", "en": "UK electronic medicines compendium (emc)" }, "market": { "zh": "英国", "en": "United Kingdom" }, "recordType": { "zh": "公开药品说明书或患者说明书", "en": "Public product information or patient leaflet" }, "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09", "scope": { "zh": "已逐项核对本档案可公开访问的产品级来源入口。该核对不代表已完成所有国家或地区的实时警示检索，也不代表该药存在或不存在当前风险。", "en": "This dossier’s publicly accessible product-level route has been checked individually. It does not mean that real-time alerts in every country or region have been searched, or that the medicine has or does not have a current risk." } }, { "source": { "id": "src_c61a51c19f35ff25", "label": "Singapore NDF: DUPHALAC SYRUP, SIN02818P; updated 2026-07-28", "url": "https://www.ndf.gov.sg/about-drugs/product-information/sin02818p/", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "dated_public_record", "documentKind": "regulatory_product_record", "market": "SG", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "public_web_page", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-09-09", "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09" }, "status": "product_level_public_record_verified", "authority": { "zh": "新加坡国家药物目录 NDF", "en": "Singapore National Drug Formulary (NDF)" }, "market": { "zh": "新加坡", "en": "Singapore" }, "recordType": { "zh": "政府药物目录产品资料与说明书节选", "en": "Government drug formulary product information and leaflet excerpts" }, "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09", "scope": { "zh": "已逐项核对本档案可公开访问的产品级来源入口。该核对不代表已完成所有国家或地区的实时警示检索，也不代表该药存在或不存在当前风险。", "en": "This dossier’s publicly accessible product-level route has been checked individually. It does not mean that real-time alerts in every country or region have been searched, or that the medicine has or does not have a current risk." } } ], "recordRoute": { "status": "manufacturer_public_label_verified", "authority": { "zh": "雅培中国", "en": "Abbott China" }, "market": { "zh": "中国大陆", "en": "Mainland China" }, "recordType": { "zh": "企业公开说明书", "en": "Manufacturer public leaflet" }, "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09", "scope": { "zh": "已逐项核对本档案可公开访问的产品级来源入口。该核对不代表已完成所有国家或地区的实时警示检索，也不代表该药存在或不存在当前风险。", "en": "This dossier’s publicly accessible product-level route has been checked individually. It does not mean that real-time alerts in every country or region have been searched, or that the medicine has or does not have a current risk." } }, "channels": [ { "id": "china-nmpa-drug-evaluation-centre", "authority": "NMPA 药品评价中心", "market": { "zh": "中国大陆", "en": "Mainland China" }, "title": { "zh": "药物警戒快讯与安全警示", "en": "Drug-vigilance bulletins and safety notices" }, "purpose": { "zh": "国家药监局药品评价中心发布的药物警戒快讯、安全警示及药品不良反应监测相关原始入口；具体产品仍须按批准文号、剂型、规格、持有人和公告日期逐项核对。", "en": "Primary NMPA Drug Evaluation Centre gateway for drug-vigilance bulletins, safety notices and adverse-reaction monitoring. Exact products still require checking approval number, dosage form, strength, authorisation holder and notice date item by item." }, "source": { "id": "src_05ff2860226564d4", "label": "国家药监局药品评价中心：药物警戒与安全警示入口", "url": "https://www.cdr-adr.org.cn/", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring", "documentKind": "regulatory_safety_communication", "market": "CN", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "public_web_page", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22", "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22" } }, { "id": "fda-drug-safety-communications", "authority": "FDA", "market": { "zh": "美国", "en": "United States" }, "title": { "zh": "药物安全通讯", "en": "Drug Safety Communications" }, "purpose": { "zh": "监管机构就重要新安全问题、标签变化或风险沟通发布的原始页面。", "en": "Primary FDA pages for important new safety issues, labelling changes and risk communications." }, "source": { "id": "src_9177df9e1825aa72", "label": "FDA：Drug Safety Communications", "url": "https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/drug-safety-communications", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring", "documentKind": "regulatory_safety_communication", "market": "US", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "public_web_page", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22", "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22" } }, { "id": "fda-medwatch", "authority": "FDA MedWatch", "market": { "zh": "美国", "en": "United States" }, "title": { "zh": "安全信息与严重问题报告", "en": "Safety information and serious-problem reporting" }, "purpose": { "zh": "美国 MedWatch 的安全信息和报告入口；报告不等同于已证实因果关系。", "en": "U.S. MedWatch safety-information and reporting gateway; a report does not itself establish causality." }, "source": { "id": "src_e4739cd55d27ab51", "label": "FDA：MedWatch 药品安全信息与不良事件报告计划", "url": "https://www.fda.gov/safety/medwatch-fda-safety-information-and-adverse-event-reporting-program", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring", "documentKind": "adverse_event_reporting", "market": "US", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "public_web_page", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22", "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22" } }, { "id": "ema-pharmacovigilance", "authority": "EMA", "market": { "zh": "欧盟/欧洲经济区", "en": "European Union / European Economic Area" }, "title": { "zh": "药物警戒概览与 EudraVigilance", "en": "Pharmacovigilance overview and EudraVigilance" }, "purpose": { "zh": "欧盟药物警戒、疑似不良反应报告和 PRAC 安全评估的官方入口。", "en": "Official EU gateway for pharmacovigilance, suspected adverse-reaction reports and PRAC safety assessment." }, "source": { "id": "src_2ad42a3deae747d1", "label": "EMA：Pharmacovigilance overview", "url": "https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/human-regulatory-overview/pharmacovigilance-overview", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring", "documentKind": "regulatory_safety_communication", "market": "EU", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "javascript_or_cookie_controls", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22", "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22" } }, { "id": "mhra-drug-safety-update", "authority": "MHRA", "market": { "zh": "英国", "en": "United Kingdom" }, "title": { "zh": "Drug Safety Update", "en": "Drug Safety Update" }, "purpose": { "zh": "英国 MHRA 面向专业人士和公众的药品安全更新原始发布页。", "en": "Primary UK MHRA medicine-safety updates for professionals and the public." }, "source": { "id": "src_23fdbe67abeafc63", "label": "MHRA：Drug Safety Update", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/drug-safety-update", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring", "documentKind": "regulatory_safety_communication", "market": "UK", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "public_web_page", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22", "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22" } }, { "id": "pmda-drug-safety", "authority": "PMDA", "market": { "zh": "日本", "en": "Japan" }, "title": { "zh": "药品安全信息", "en": "Medicine safety information" }, "purpose": { "zh": "日本 PMDA 药品安全信息的英文官方入口；具体产品仍应以日文产品页和现行文件复核。", "en": "PMDA’s English official safety gateway; exact products still require checking against the Japanese product page and current documents." }, "source": { "id": "src_06d6be2880f12024", "label": "PMDA：Safety Information Regarding Drugs", "url": "https://www.pmda.go.jp/english/safety/info-services/drugs/0001.html", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring", "documentKind": "regulatory_safety_communication", "market": "JP", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "public_web_page", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22", "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22" } }, { "id": "mfds-drug-safety-letters", "authority": "MFDS", "market": { "zh": "韩国", "en": "Republic of Korea" }, "title": { "zh": "药品安全性书信", "en": "Medicine safety letters" }, "purpose": { "zh": "韩国 MFDS 发布的药品安全性书信原始索引。原文为韩文，须按涉及产品、剂型、市场和日期逐项阅读；它不自动适用于其他市场，也不构成对个人情况的结论。", "en": "MFDS’s primary index for medicine safety letters in the Republic of Korea. The original notices are in Korean and must be read against the named product, dosage form, market and date; they do not automatically apply in another market or decide an individual case." }, "source": { "id": "src_2d7f5018cd05eff4", "label": "MFDS：药品安全性书信（韩文原始资料）", "url": "https://www.mfds.go.kr/brd/m_545/list.do", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring", "documentKind": "regulatory_safety_communication", "market": "KR", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "public_web_page", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22", "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22" } }, { "id": "hsa-adverse-events", "authority": "HSA", "market": { "zh": "新加坡", "en": "Singapore" }, "title": { "zh": "不良反应报告与药物安全信息", "en": "Adverse-event reporting and medicine-safety information" }, "purpose": { "zh": "新加坡 HSA 面向公众的疑似不良反应报告、药物安全信息与本地监管入口；一份报告不等同于个体因果关系，具体产品仍须按新加坡注册状态、剂型、规格、日期和现行产品资料逐项核对。", "en": "HSA’s public Singapore gateway for suspected adverse-event reporting and medicine-safety information. A report does not itself establish individual causality; exact products still require checking Singapore registration status, dosage form, strength, date and current product information." }, "source": { "id": "src_9240397d5a8574c1", "label": "HSA：Report adverse events", "url": "https://www.hsa.gov.sg/adverse-events/", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring", "documentKind": "adverse_event_reporting", "market": "SG", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "public_web_page", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22", "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22" } }, { "id": "health-canada-medeffect-advisories", "authority": "Health Canada", "market": { "zh": "加拿大", "en": "Canada" }, "title": { "zh": "MedEffect 加拿大：建议、警告与召回", "en": "MedEffect Canada: advisories, warnings and recalls" }, "purpose": { "zh": "加拿大政府 Health Canada 的 MedEffect 公开入口，汇集药品及健康产品的建议、警告、召回、报告与安全信息；具体产品仍须按市场、剂型、规格、公告日期和批号逐项核对。", "en": "Health Canada’s public MedEffect gateway for medicine and health-product advisories, warnings, recalls, reporting and safety information. Exact products still require checking market, dosage form, strength, notice date and lot item by item." }, "source": { "id": "src_212ec921fa6634ad", "label": "Health Canada：MedEffect Canada 建议、警告与召回", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/medeffect-canada/advisories-warnings-recalls.html", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring", "documentKind": "regulatory_safety_communication", "market": "CA", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "public_web_page", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22", "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22" } }, { "id": "tga-safety-alerts", "authority": "TGA", "market": { "zh": "澳大利亚", "en": "Australia" }, "title": { "zh": "药品安全警示", "en": "Medicine safety alerts" }, "purpose": { "zh": "澳大利亚 TGA 的药品安全警示、建议和监测信息原始发布页。", "en": "Primary Australian TGA safety alerts, advisories and monitoring information for therapeutic products." }, "source": { "id": "src_ffe6142814f88fac", "label": "TGA：Safety alerts", "url": "https://www.tga.gov.au/safety/safety-monitoring-and-information/safety-alerts", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring", "documentKind": "regulatory_safety_communication", "market": "AU", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "public_web_page", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22", "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22" } }, { "id": "swissmedic-pharmacovigilance", "authority": "Swissmedic", "market": { "zh": "瑞士", "en": "Switzerland" }, "title": { "zh": "药物警戒与不良反应报告", "en": "Pharmacovigilance and suspected adverse-reaction reporting" }, "purpose": { "zh": "瑞士 Swissmedic 的药物警戒、信号评估和疑似不良反应官方入口；报告或信号本身不等同于对个体因果关系的确认。", "en": "Official Swissmedic gateway for pharmacovigilance, signal assessment and suspected adverse-reaction reporting; a report or signal does not itself confirm individual causality." }, "source": { "id": "src_c854f813ce2671df", "label": "Swissmedic：Pharmacovigilance", "url": "https://www.swissmedic.ch/swissmedic/en/home/humanarzneimittel/market-surveillance/pharmacovigilance.html", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring", "documentKind": "adverse_event_reporting", "market": "CH", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "public_web_page", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22", "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22" } }, { "id": "medsafe-safety-communications", "authority": "Medsafe", "market": { "zh": "新西兰", "en": "New Zealand" }, "title": { "zh": "药品安全通讯", "en": "Medicine safety communications" }, "purpose": { "zh": "新西兰 Medsafe 面向公众和专业人士的药品安全通讯与归档入口；旧公告可能已被现行产品资料更新。", "en": "New Zealand Medsafe gateway for public and professional medicine safety communications and archives; older notices may have been superseded by current product information." }, "source": { "id": "src_3510c1a523ec9769", "label": "Medsafe：Safety Communications", "url": "https://www.medsafe.govt.nz/safety/SafetyCommunications.asp", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring", "documentKind": "regulatory_safety_communication", "market": "NZ", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "public_web_page", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22", "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22" } }, { "id": "sahpra-safety-information", "authority": "SAHPRA", "market": { "zh": "南非", "en": "South Africa" }, "title": { "zh": "药物安全信息、警示与药物警戒", "en": "Medicine safety information, alerts and pharmacovigilance" }, "purpose": { "zh": "南非 SAHPRA 面向公众和专业人士的药物安全信息、警示与药物警戒入口；官方警示不等同于产品在所有情形下不安全，具体产品仍须按南非注册状态、剂型、规格、公告日期与现行资料逐项核对。", "en": "SAHPRA’s safety-information, alerts and pharmacovigilance gateway for the public and professionals in South Africa. An official alert does not itself mean a product is unsafe in every circumstance; exact products still require checking South African registration status, dosage form, strength, notice date and current product information." }, "source": { "id": "src_25b0aaefee742163", "label": "SAHPRA：Safety Information Updates / Pharmacovigilance", "url": "https://www.sahpra.org.za/safety-information-and-updates/", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring", "documentKind": "regulatory_safety_communication", "market": "ZA", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "public_web_page", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22", "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22" } }, { "id": "who-medicine-safety-alerts", "authority": "WHO", "market": { "zh": "全球", "en": "Global" }, "title": { "zh": "药品与疫苗安全警示档案", "en": "Medicine and vaccine safety-alert archive" }, "purpose": { "zh": "WHO 的跨市场安全警示档案；每条历史警示必须按公告日期、涉及产品和市场单独阅读。", "en": "WHO’s cross-market safety-alert archive; every historical notice must be read against its date, named product and market." }, "source": { "id": "src_9a7dc56ec34c7e1a", "label": "WHO：Safety alerts for medicines and vaccines", "url": "https://www.who.int/teams/regulation-prequalification/regulation-and-safety/pharmacovigilance/safety-alerts", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring", "documentKind": "regulatory_safety_communication", "market": "GLOBAL", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "public_web_page", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22", "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22" } }, { "id": "anvisa-pharmacovigilance", "authority": "Anvisa", "market": { "zh": "巴西", "en": "Brazil" }, "title": { "zh": "药物警戒、警示与 VigiMed", "en": "Pharmacovigilance, alerts and VigiMed" }, "purpose": { "zh": "巴西 Anvisa 的药物警戒原始入口，涵盖警示、药物警戒公告、风险沟通和 VigiMed 报告路径；具体产品仍须按巴西批准状态、剂型、规格和公告日期逐项核对。", "en": "Anvisa’s primary Brazilian pharmacovigilance gateway for alerts, bulletins, risk communication and VigiMed reporting. Exact products still require checking Brazilian authorisation status, dosage form, strength and notice date item by item." }, "source": { "id": "src_5de362c12580111d", "label": "Anvisa：Farmacovigilância（药物警戒、警示与 VigiMed）", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anvisa/pt-br/assuntos/fiscalizacao-e-monitoramento/farmacovigilancia", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "official_safety_monitoring", "documentKind": "regulatory_safety_communication", "market": "BR", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "public_web_page", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-08-22", "reviewedAt": "2026-08-22" } } ], "notices": [], "boundary": { "zh": "本卡将逐药产品级来源与 15 个市场级官方警戒入口放在同一处核验；它不表示已完成该药在所有国家或地区的实时警示检索，也不表示该药存在新的安全警示、召回或风险结论。请先以品牌名、通用名、剂型、规格、所在市场和公告日期逐项匹配；不要仅因看到标题自行停药、换药、加量或减量。", "en": "This card brings together the medicine-specific product route and 15 market-level official vigilance gateways. It does not mean real-time alerts for this medicine have been searched in every country or region, or that the medicine has a new alert, recall or risk conclusion. Match brand, generic name, dosage form, strength, market and notice date item by item; do not self-stop, switch, increase or reduce use from a headline." }, "scope": "official_routes_only_no_live_alert_inference" }, "archive": { "summary": "杜密克的成分是乳果糖，用于帮助缓解便秘。667 mg/mL 表示每毫升的成分含量，15 mL 是一袋液体的体积。先确认手里是哪个市场、处方版还是非处方版，再核对医生或药师给你的用法。", "history": "英国所列首次批准日期为 1988-03-14，不是全球首发结论。中国雅培袋装处方与非处方文件均标注 2025-05-21 修订；新加坡另以 SIN02818P 登记。", "sourceDocuments": [ { "id": "src_ef32e8bef5ca9032", "label": "Abbott China: Duphalac sachet OTC leaflet, revised 2025-05-21", "url": "https://www.abbott.com.cn/content/dam/corp/abbott/cn-cn/2026_update/%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96%E5%8F%A3%E6%9C%8D%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2%EF%BC%88%E8%A2%8B%E8%A3%85%EF%BC%89OTC%20%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A6_20250521.pdf", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "dated_public_record", "documentKind": "first_party_leaflet", "market": "CN", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "direct_document", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-09-09", "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09" }, { "id": "src_d09b4df491f3fd70", "label": "Abbott China: Duphalac sachet prescription leaflet, revised 2025-05-21", "url": "https://www.abbott.com.cn/content/dam/corp/abbott/cn-cn/2026_update/%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96%E5%8F%A3%E6%9C%8D%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2%EF%BC%88%E8%A2%8B%E8%A3%85%EF%BC%89Rx%20%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A6_20250521.pdf", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "dated_public_record", "documentKind": "first_party_leaflet", "market": "CN", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "direct_document", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-09-09", "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09" }, { "id": "src_7598b6ea3f635a2e", "label": "UK emc: Duphalac SmPC, PL 46302/0032; text revised April 2022", "url": "https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/5525/smpc", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "dated_public_record", "documentKind": "product_label", "market": "UK", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "public_web_page", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-09-09", "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09" }, { "id": "src_c61a51c19f35ff25", "label": "Singapore NDF: DUPHALAC SYRUP, SIN02818P; updated 2026-07-28", "url": "https://www.ndf.gov.sg/about-drugs/product-information/sin02818p/", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "dated_public_record", "documentKind": "regulatory_product_record", "market": "SG", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "public_web_page", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-09-09", "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09" } ], "applicationNumber": "CN HJ20171057; UK PL 46302/0032; SG SIN02818P", "approvalTimeline": [ { "date": "1988-03-14", "title": { "zh": "英国所列首次批准", "en": "First authorisation listed in the UK" }, "detail": { "zh": "仅对应英国原件的本市场日期。", "en": "Market-specific date in the UK original." }, "source": { "id": "src_7598b6ea3f635a2e", "label": "UK emc: Duphalac SmPC, PL 46302/0032; text revised April 2022", "url": "https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/5525/smpc", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "dated_public_record", "documentKind": "product_label", "market": "UK", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "public_web_page", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-09-09", "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09" } }, { "date": "2025-05-21", "title": { "zh": "中国说明书修订", "en": "Chinese leaflets revised" }, "detail": { "zh": "袋装 OTC 与处方文件分别保留。", "en": "Sachet OTC and prescription documents remain separate." }, "source": { "id": "src_d09b4df491f3fd70", "label": "Abbott China: Duphalac sachet prescription leaflet, revised 2025-05-21", "url": "https://www.abbott.com.cn/content/dam/corp/abbott/cn-cn/2026_update/%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96%E5%8F%A3%E6%9C%8D%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2%EF%BC%88%E8%A2%8B%E8%A3%85%EF%BC%89Rx%20%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A6_20250521.pdf", "audience": "public", "reviewStatus": "approved", "publish": true, "documentStatus": "dated_public_record", "documentKind": "first_party_leaflet", "market": "CN", "accessStatus": "public_access_confirmed", "accessMode": "direct_document", "accessVerifiedAt": "2026-09-09", "reviewedAt": "2026-09-09" } } ], "marketStatus": [ { "market": { "zh": "中国大陆", "en": "Mainland China" }, "status": { "zh": "企业公开原件已核对", "en": "First-party originals checked" }, "detail": { "zh": "处方文件列便秘及肝性脑病用途，袋装包装列 6 袋；OTC 另列 6/10/20 袋。本页包装卡只引用 OTC；未独立核验 NMPA 当前记录。", "en": "The prescription document covers constipation and hepatic encephalopathy and lists a six-sachet carton. OTC lists 6/10/20. Pack cards cite OTC only; a separate current NMPA check is not completed." } }, { "market": { "zh": "新加坡", "en": "Singapore" }, "status": { "zh": "政府 NDF 产品记录已核对", "en": "Government NDF product record checked" }, "detail": { "zh": "SIN02818P，持有人 Abbott Laboratories (Singapore) Private Limited，制造商 Abbott Biologicals B.V.；不等于中国包装或实时库存。", "en": "SIN02818P: holder Abbott Laboratories (Singapore) Private Limited; manufacturer Abbott Biologicals B.V. This is not Chinese packaging or live stock." } }, { "market": { "zh": "英国", "en": "United Kingdom" }, "status": { "zh": "eMC 原件已核对", "en": "emc original checked" }, "detail": { "zh": "原件正文修订日期是 2022 年 4 月；本次访问日期不是新修订日期。", "en": "The text revision is April 2022; this access check is not a new label revision." } } ], "frequentlyAskedQuestions": [ { "question": { "zh": "不含辅料，就是无糖吗？", "en": "Does no excipients mean sugar-free?" }, "answer": { "zh": "不是。处方原件同时写有生产过程带入的半乳糖、乳糖及亚硫酸盐相关提示；糖不耐受、糖尿病或过敏应按具体原件咨询。", "en": "No. The prescription original also discusses galactose, lactose and sulphite associated with manufacturing. Review sugar intolerance, diabetes or allergy against the exact original." } }, { "question": { "zh": "两种说明书能挑方便的那份用吗？", "en": "Can I choose whichever leaflet is more convenient?" }, "answer": { "zh": "不能。用准确药盒和处方核对用途、版本、计量工具及个人用法；不要混合处方版、OTC 或国外方案。", "en": "No. Match your pack and prescription to the indication, version, measuring device and individual instructions rather than mixing versions or countries." } } ], "relatedMedicineChecks": [], "relatedArticleSlugs": [ "dose-unit-literacy", "medicine-label-for-everyday-questions", "interactions-are-not-a-home-scheduling-problem" ] }, "canonicalUrls": { "zh": "https://origindrug.com/drugs/duphalac-lactulose/", "en": "https://origindrug.com/en/drugs/duphalac-lactulose/" }, "limitations": [ "No originator, generic, interchangeability, availability, price, holder, strength or sale-eligibility conclusion is inferred beyond the linked source documents.", "Target-market current labels and official records must be checked separately." ] }